More than one-fifth of deaths in Turkey are caused by cancer. Globally, 14 million new cancer cases are diagnosed each year. This number is expected to increase by 70% over the next 20 years, reaching 22 million. Cancer is a significant public health issue and ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide and in our country, following cardiovascular diseases.
During the pandemic, the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer, a disease that weakens the immune system both by itself and through its treatments, required more careful and meticulous approaches than ever before. Cancer patients have suppressed immune systems due to the disease itself, as well as treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, making them more susceptible to infections. Therefore, they are at a higher risk for COVID-19.
Since the beginning of the pandemic, our top priority has been to ensure that patients undergoing active treatment—such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies—do not experience any interruptions in their treatments. Accordingly, from the onset of the pandemic, our hospital implemented all necessary precautions to protect the health and safety of our patients.
Some patients were hesitant to come in for their check-ups or wanted to pause their treatments during the pandemic. However, patients undergoing active chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy should never interrupt their treatments. They should continue their treatments regularly while adhering to necessary precautions. Apart from essential situations, they should avoid leaving their homes. Even if they do not show symptoms, cancer patients undergoing treatment must remember that COVID-19 carriers remain contagious during the incubation period. Therefore, they should avoid crowded places and minimize visitor contact. Physical contact with others should be kept to a minimum, and maintaining a strong immune system through proper nutrition, rest, and sleep is crucial. They should frequently ventilate their surroundings and wash their hands regularly. Additionally, they should avoid touching frequently used surfaces such as door and window handles, armrests, light switches, and faucets unless necessary. They should always have a thermometer at home, and if their temperature reaches 38°C or higher, they should wear a mask and promptly seek emergency medical care. When going to the hospital, they should avoid public transportation and be accompanied by only one caregiver.
The Importance of Early Cancer Diagnosis
Regardless of the type of cancer, the earlier it is diagnosed, the higher the chances of successful treatment. Therefore, it is essential to be vigilant about symptoms. At the slightest change, a doctor should be consulted. Even if no symptoms are present, regular health check-ups are crucial, as early-stage cancer can be detected through screenings.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and while its prevalence is increasing, advancements in treatment have significantly improved survival rates. For early detection, women should perform self-breast examinations every month, five to seven days after their menstrual cycle ends, starting at age 20. If no abnormalities are found and there is no family history of breast cancer, women should begin annual clinical breast examinations at age 40. Additionally, ultrasounds and mammograms should be conducted at intervals recommended by their doctors. If any changes are noticed in the breast, immediate consultation with a general surgery specialist is advised.
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer, also known as cervix cancer, develops in the lower part of the uterus. One of its most concerning aspects is its high prevalence among young women, typically affecting those between 35 and 55 years of age. A Pap smear test can detect precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) before it develops into cancer, allowing for early intervention.
Colon Cancer
Both men and women should undergo colon cancer screenings after the age of 50. These screenings include stool occult blood tests and colonoscopies, with colonoscopy being the most accurate method. If precancerous polyps are detected during a colonoscopy, they can be removed immediately, preventing the development of cancer.
Prostate Cancer
Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is crucial for determining the best treatment plan and preventing mortality. Men should undergo annual urological examinations and PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) tests starting at age 50.
Lung Cancer
We recommend lung screenings for individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer. These screenings have been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality rates by 20%.
23% of All Deaths in Turkey Are Due to Tobacco-Related Diseases
Currently, 30-50% of cancer cases are preventable. However, this is only possible by avoiding cancer risk factors and ensuring early diagnosis. Tobacco use is the leading risk factor for cancer, responsible for approximately 20% of cancer deaths worldwide and about 70% of lung cancer deaths. In Turkey, 23% of all deaths are attributed to tobacco-related diseases.
Surgery in Case of Recurrence
In cancer surgery, the first operation is the best opportunity for success. If cancer recurs, surgery becomes more complicated. Cancer surgeries should be performed by experienced specialists, as oncologic surgery requires expertise. It is a team effort and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The process begins with diagnosis, involving radiology, pathology, and internal medicine specialists. Following preoperative treatments such as neoadjuvant radiotherapy, medical oncology comes into play. The diagnosis, preoperative, and postoperative follow-ups should be managed as a comprehensive process. Therefore, oncologic surgery must be conducted by experienced specialists in well-equipped centers.
Patients Should Pay Attention to Their Eating and Drinking Habits
- They should consume at least 2.5 liters of fluids daily.
- Kefir is highly beneficial for the immune system and can be safely consumed during treatments.
- Propolis-containing solutions can be taken once a day.
- Their meals should always include vegetables and salads with leafy greens.
- Except for grapefruit and pomegranate juice (which are not recommended during chemotherapy), they can consume freshly squeezed fruit juices.
- Although turmeric and ginger are not highly absorbable when taken orally, they are beneficial for the immune system. They can be added to salads or consumed with yogurt.
Prof. Dr. Serdar Yol
General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Specialist
