Understanding the Risks of Infection in Pregnancy
As an Obstetrician and Gynecologist, I closely monitor the effects of infections like influenza on pregnant women and their babies. During pregnancy, the immune system undergoes natural changes that make expectant mothers more vulnerable to infections. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, can pose significant health risks during this sensitive period. That’s why understanding how to prevent and manage flu during pregnancy is crucial.
Why Is the Flu More Concerning During Pregnancy?
Pregnancy brings about a range of physiological changes. One of these is a natural suppression of the immune system to prevent the mother’s body from rejecting the developing fetus. While this adaptation supports the pregnancy, it also increases susceptibility to infections. Contracting the flu—especially in the second or third trimester—can result in more severe symptoms and complications such as pneumonia, which may put both maternal and fetal health at risk
How Can the Flu Affect the Baby?
Influenza doesn't only affect the mother—it may also negatively impact fetal development. High fever and widespread viral infection in the mother's body can increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, or certain birth defects. Fever during early pregnancy, in particular, has been linked to neural tube defects and other developmental issues. Therefore, pregnant women who experience flu symptoms should consult a healthcare professional without delay.
How to Prevent the Flu During Pregnancy
Prevention is the most effective strategy against influenza during pregnancy. One of the key measures is receiving the flu vaccine before or during early pregnancy. This not only protects the mother but also provides antibodies to the baby, offering protection in the first months after birth.
1. Flu Vaccination:
The World Health Organization (WHO) and many national health agencies recommend flu vaccination for pregnant women. Since the vaccine contains inactivated virus, it does not harm the fetus. It strengthens the mother's immune response and passes protective antibodies to the baby via the placenta.
2. Hygiene Practices:
Frequent handwashing, avoiding crowded or poorly ventilated spaces, and limiting contact with individuals who are ill help reduce exposure to the flu virus.
3. Supporting the Immune System:
A balanced diet, adequate hydration, and quality sleep are key to maintaining a strong immune system. Nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc play an especially important role during pregnancy and may help prevent infections.
4. Rest and Stress Management:
Getting enough rest and managing stress are essential during pregnancy. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and increase vulnerability to illness. Relaxation, quality sleep, and emotional well-being benefit both mother and baby.
Treating the Flu During Pregnancy
If flu symptoms begin to appear, pregnant women should seek medical advice rather than self-medicate. Treatment must be carefully tailored during pregnancy.
1. Medication:
Physician-approved antiviral medications that are safe for pregnancy may be prescribed to reduce flu symptoms and shorten illness duration—especially if started early. However, drugs such as aspirin or certain NSAIDs should be avoided due to potential risks to the fetus.
2. Fluids and Rest:
Increased fluid intake—such as water, herbal teas, or natural juices—helps the body fight the virus more effectively. Proper rest also supports recovery.
3. Fever Management:
High fever can be dangerous during pregnancy. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) may be used under medical supervision to safely reduce fever and lower risk to both mother and baby.
Flu or COVID-19? Understanding the Difference
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, flu-like symptoms now require further evaluation. Both illnesses share similar signs such as fever, fatigue, and coughing, making it hard to differentiate between them. Pregnant women experiencing flu symptoms should undergo COVID-19 testing to rule out or confirm infection. Co-infection with both viruses is possible and can further complicate the clinical picture, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital.
Conclusion: Prevention Comes First
Flu during pregnancy can lead to serious complications. However, with the right precautions and timely medical support, it can be managed effectively. Getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, strengthening the immune system, and seeking medical help at the first sign of symptoms are the most effective ways to stay healthy during pregnancy. Every conscious step you take in this period contributes to the well-being of both you and your baby.
Op. Dr. Birsen Bilge
Obstetrician and Gynecologist
