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Emerging Approaches and Methods

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Emerging Approaches and Methods

CARDIAC AND VASCULAR SURGERY:

ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENTS AND HYBRID SURGERIES:

DEVELOPING APPROACHES AND METHODS

Cardiac and vascular diseases that we encounter with increasing frequency today are among the most significant issues in the healthcare field. While many conditions can be treated with traditional surgical methods, advancements in technology have also brought about significant developments in surgical techniques. Among these developments, innovative approaches such as Endovascular Treatments and Hybrid Surgeries offer numerous advantages in the field of cardiac and vascular surgery.

Endovascular Treatments

Endovascular treatments are interventional/angiographic techniques applied in the treatment of vascular diseases, often using smaller incisions and various medical devices and materials. In the past 15 years, there have been rapid and significant advancements in this field. In these treatment methods, access to the vessel is typically achieved using a catheter, and direct intervention is made to the problematic area. Because these techniques are less invasive than traditional open surgery, they carry a lower risk of complications and offer faster recovery times for patients.

Procedures included in endovascular treatments consist of angioplasty (balloon angioplasty), stent implantation, and embolization. Angioplasty is a procedure that uses a balloon catheter to widen a narrowed vessel. Stent implantation involves placing a metal, cage-like stent inside the vessel to keep it open. Embolization is a treatment method aimed at reducing blood flow to abnormal vessels, thereby shrinking a tumor or an enlarged prostate by inducing thrombosis.

Hybrid Surgery

Hybrid Surgery combines the advantages of endovascular treatments and traditional open surgical techniques, making it particularly effective for complex vascular diseases. Hybrid surgery allows surgeons to use both endovascular procedures and open surgical interventions in the same session or different sessions. This offers a less invasive approach for patients while enabling surgeons to perform more comprehensive interventions.

Hybrid surgery is preferred, especially for conditions such as aortic aneurysms, aortic coarctation, complex arteriovenous malformations, coronary bypass surgeries, and heart valve surgeries. For instance, in a case of a complex aortic aneurysm, it is possible to place a stent to eliminate the risk of rupture through an endovascular route while simultaneously using bypass techniques with artificial or natural vessels to ensure adequate blood flow to affected organs during the same procedure.

Conclusion

In cardiac and vascular surgery, endovascular treatments and hybrid surgical approaches provide safer, less invasive, and more effective treatment options for patients. With ongoing technological advancements, the effectiveness and reliability of these treatment methods are continually increasing.

Since each patient's condition is different, the treatment approach should always be tailored to the patient's specific situation. Future research is expected to further advance innovative approaches in this field, leading to the emergence of more effective and safer methods for treating cardiac and vascular diseases.