What is Myofascial Pain Syndrome?
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a type of soft tissue rheumatism that primarily causes spasms in the shoulder, neck, and back muscles. It is commonly characterized by regional pain that can be triggered by pressure or touch in these areas. These pains are often caused by taut muscle bands and trigger points, which lead to referred pain. This is one of the distinctive features of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. While it can be felt in localized areas, it may also present as widespread pain. Along with pain, sensitivity and muscle weakness may also occur.
What Are the Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome?
Several factors can contribute to the development of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS). Some of the most common causes include:
- Muscle Injuries: Straining, pulling, or tearing of the muscles can lead to MPS. Acute trauma, falls, excessive exertion during sports activities, or muscle spasms can cause the formation of trigger points in the muscles.
- Repetitive Movements: Performing repetitive movements can lead to overuse of specific muscle groups, causing tension and the formation of trigger points. For example, prolonged computer use or occupations requiring repetitive hand movements can increase the risk of MPS.
- Poor Posture and Movement Patterns: Incorrect posture, poor ergonomics, and improper movement patterns can create imbalances and tension in the muscles, contributing to MPS. For instance, constantly bending or twisting while working can lead to issues in the spine and neck muscles.
- Stress: Stress can cause muscle tension and contractions. When under stress, the body's muscles tend to tighten and become tense. Prolonged stress can lead to the formation of trigger points and trigger MPS.
- Muscle Tension and Abnormalities: Some individuals naturally have increased muscle tension or abnormalities. For example, certain muscle groups may be naturally more tense or weaker than others, leading to imbalances and an increased risk of MPS.
- Postural Disorders: Poor posture or misalignment can cause muscles to work unevenly and become overly tense. Weak back muscles or forward-leaning shoulders, for example, can contribute to the development of MPS.
- Trauma: Injuries caused by accidents, impacts, or traumatic events can result in muscle damage, leading to MPS. This can cause persistent pain, tension, and the formation of trigger points in the affected muscles.
Multiple factors may contribute to the development of MPS, varying from person to person. Identifying these factors and determining an appropriate treatment approach is crucial for managing the condition. A Physical Therapy specialist can assess the individual’s condition and develop a treatment plan targeting the underlying causes. As physiotherapists, we implement this treatment plan accordingly.
What Are the Clinical Symptoms?
MPS causes muscle spasms, leading to compression of capillaries and small nerve endings, resulting in persistent, intense, and burning pain in the affected areas. These pains primarily occur in the joints and muscles, negatively impacting functionality and movement ability. Symptoms such as joint movement restrictions, muscle tension due to spasms, and general fatigue may be observed. Additionally, sleep disturbances, sweating, chills, or hot flashes can occur. The intensity of pain may be influenced by factors such as stress, cold weather, irregular sleep, and infections.
Morning stiffness and difficulty getting out of bed may be experienced. Stiffness in the neck region can lead to pain radiating to the head and neck. Symptoms similar to a herniated disc may also be observed in the lower back.
How Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of MPS is made primarily by Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specialists through medical history (anamnesis) and physical examination. Applying pressure with the fingertips and observing the pain response—especially if the pain increases and spreads—can be specific for diagnosis.
How Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Treated?
The primary goal of treatment, determined by a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specialist, is to deactivate the trigger points in tense muscle fibers, reduce pain and muscle spasms, and break the pain-spasm-pain cycle. To achieve this, stretching exercises can help inactivate trigger points in myofascial pain. Trigger point therapy is one of the most effective treatment methods. Additionally, manual therapy, GTOS therapy, massage, the Graston technique, acupuncture, spray and stretch techniques, electrotherapy, and other physiotherapy methods can provide rapid and effective results. These methods are painless and can be applied to all age groups with ease.
Analgesic, muscle relaxant, and antidepressant medications should only be used under the supervision of a physician. Additionally, trigger point injections may be considered as part of the treatment.
Fzt. Huriye Ayçe EKER
Physiotherapist
