Why Is Metabolic Surgery Performed?
The primary goal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is not surgery; rather, it involves exercise, weight management, medications, and insulin therapy when necessary. However, all research indicates that even in closely monitored patients who adhere to guidelines, blood sugar levels often remain unsatisfactory, leading to frequent diabetes-related complications. Metabolic surgery allows for the long-term management of type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by an increase in waist circumference, hypertension, elevated blood lipid levels, and insulin resistance, with the potential development of diabetes in later stages. Metabolic surgery can effectively treat not only diabetes but also metabolic syndrome.
Who Is Metabolic Surgery For?
Metabolic surgery offers no benefit for patients with type 1 diabetes. Approximately 90% of all diabetes patients have type 2 diabetes. These patients can regain their health through metabolic surgery. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are around 500 million type 2 diabetes patients worldwide, 90% of whom are overweight or obese. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is used as a criterion for obesity.
How Is Body Mass Index Calculated?
Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.
In medical classification, Body Mass Index is categorized as follows:
- 18.5-25 kg/m²: Normal weight
- 25-30 kg/m²: Overweight
- 30-40 kg/m²: Obese
- Over 40 kg/m²: Morbidly obese
Is Metabolic Surgery Effective in Diabetes Treatment?
Metabolic surgery has been proven to be the most effective method for treating type 2 diabetes, demonstrating up to 90% efficacy in the long term. Some surgeries have more significant effects than others; however, patients may experience side effects such as vitamin and mineral deficiencies or long-term diarrhea. The choice of surgery should be made based on the patient’s condition and a careful cost-benefit analysis.
Not every patient benefits equally from metabolic surgery. While the majority may find they no longer need insulin, some may still require medication. The key is to maintain blood sugar control and prevent diabetes-related complications, even if medication is still necessary.
