Vaginismus is a sexual dysfunction in women caused by involuntary and excessive contraction of the muscles around the vagina, making sexual intercourse painful and difficult.
This condition often negatively impacts women's sexual experiences and creates stress and anxiety in their relationships. Vaginismus not only significantly affects a woman’s sexual life and psychological well-being but also becomes a major source of distress for her partner. Consequently, these issues pose a threat to family unity and a happy relationship.
In this article, I will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for vaginismus. Do not be afraid—you are not alone!
What Causes Vaginismus?
Although the exact cause of vaginismus is not fully understood, it is believed to be triggered by a combination of the following factors:
- Fear and Anxiety: The fear of vaginal penetration (sexual intercourse), previous sexual traumas, abuse, or experiences of sexual humiliation can lead to vaginismus. Due to such negative experiences, women may subconsciously perceive sexual intercourse as dangerous or painful.
- Environmental Factors: Familial, religious, or societal pressures, as well as misinformation and taboos about sexuality, can also play a role in the development of vaginismus.
- Relationship Problems: A lack of emotional intimacy, insecurity, incompatibility with a partner, or relationship conflicts may contribute to the emergence of vaginismus.
What Are the Symptoms of Vaginismus?
The symptoms of vaginismus may vary from woman to woman, but they generally include:
- Avoidance of Sexual Intercourse: Women with vaginismus may show a tendency to avoid or postpone sexual intercourse.
- Painful Intercourse: Severe pain and a burning sensation during sexual intercourse are among the most prominent symptoms of vaginismus.
- Difficulty with Vaginal Penetration: Due to the narrowing or complete closure of the vaginal opening, penetration can be challenging.
- Physical Tension: Tension in the muscles surrounding the vagina may be felt before sexual activity.
- Anxiety and Fear: Intense anxiety and fear associated with sexual experiences are common emotional symptoms observed in women with vaginismus.
How Do We Diagnose Vaginismus?
The diagnosis of vaginismus is made through a detailed medical evaluation and physical examination. A sexual history assessment is conducted, including the duration and nature of symptoms, as well as information about the individual's sexual experiences and psychological condition. During the physical examination, the vaginal opening is evaluated, and muscle responses are observed. At this stage, other factors that may contribute to pain during intercourse (such as labial hypertrophy) are also identified.
How Do We Treat Vaginismus?
Vaginismus is a treatable condition, and positive outcomes can be achieved with appropriate treatment methods. We use various approaches to create a personalized treatment plan for each patient.
- Sex Therapy: Addressing sexual traumas and emotional issues is crucial. We provide individual or couples therapy with the guidance of a psychotherapist.
- Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy: We collaborate with experienced physiotherapists to strengthen and relax the pelvic floor muscles through physiotherapy.
- Vaginal Exploration: We assist patients in performing self-exploration exercises to help them prepare for sexual intercourse.
- Sexual Education: Correcting misinformation and myths about sexuality is essential in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
The success of vaginismus treatment is closely related to the patient’s willingness and trust in their therapist. A patient, reassuring approach throughout the treatment process increases the likelihood of success.
In conclusion, vaginismus is a condition that negatively affects sexual life but is treatable, often yielding positive results. Women experiencing pain or difficulty during intercourse should consult an obstetrician-gynecologist to learn about appropriate treatment options and receive the necessary support. Open communication during the treatment process is crucial. Trusting the doctor and therapist is an important step toward successful treatment.
Op. Dr. Gamze Keleş
Obstetrician and Gynecologist
